Which option is NOT a human inhibitor to intervening?

• A. Pluralistic Ignorance
• B. Diffusion of Responsibility
• C. Professionalism, Accountability, and moral courage
• D. Ambiguity with the need for help

Answer: (C)

In bystander intervention, people often hesitate because they misread the situation or assume others will step in. Pluralistic ignorance makes everyone think nothing is wrong if no one else acts, diffusion of responsibility dilutes personal sense of duty, and ambiguity about the need for help leaves people uncertain about whether action is required. The phrase professionalism, accountability, and moral courage describes traits that would push someone to intervene: acting with professional conduct, feeling obliged to be answerable for one’s actions, and having the courage to act despite potential costs. Because of that, this option is not a barrier to intervention; it actually promotes taking action.